Question from Cassie:
Happy New Year, Geek! I thought of this one over the Holiday. My daughter received a bunch of Shrinky Dink kits – I used to love them when I was little too (couldn’t believe they’re still around, either)! Anyway, I was wondering if there was a patent on these? They’re so unique I figured there must be…
– Cassie

Hello Cassie. I also loved those when I was little. They always seemed so magical.

Shrinky Dinks were invented as part of a Cub Scout project. In 1973, Betty Morris and Kathryn Bloomberg developed the craft with their sons. The first Shrinky Dinks were sold October 17, 1973 at the Brookfield Square Shopping Mall in Brookfield Wisconsin.

Despite seeming so amazing, there is actually no patent on the toy. The plastic sheets that shrink while getting thicker are actually polystyrene. This is the same polymer as recycled plastic #6. The manufacturing of polystyrene heats and rolls the polymer into thin sheets which are rapidly cooled. When the plastic Shrinky Dink sheets are put in the oven the heat cause the material to return to its original form. Matter and mass are not lost so the material shrinks in length and width and grows in thickness.

Polystyrene is a readily available and widely produced plastic so no patent could be filed for the magical Shrinky Dink toy. This doesn’t make the craft any less wondrous to watch as a child.

snow makingThe opening of the ski slopes is not completely in the hands of Mother Nature, and for that you can thank Dr. Ray Ringer. Ringer was not actually trying to invent a way to extend the ski season. His discovery of snowmaking is another happy accident.

Ray Ringer was working with other Canadian scientists to study the effects of rime ice on jet engines. An attempt to reproduce natural weather conditions lead to the discovery of how to make snow. The scientists were spraying water into the air of a low temperature wind tunnel right before a jet engine intake to create rime ice on the aircraft. Instead of creating ice, they kept making snow. The jet engines and the wind tunnel had to be shut down regularly to shovel away the powder. Continue reading “Slopes All Day: Invention of the Snow-making Machine”

times squareThe famous Times Square time ball is one of the most iconic players in the tradition of ringing in the New Year. For over 100 years, millions have gathered together in New York City to celebrate its decent.

The first New Year’s Eve Ball in Times Square was dropped in 1907. Owner of The New York Times, Adolph Ochs, wanted to create a New Year’s Eve midnight show to draw attention to Time’s Square. Chief electrician for the Times constructed a 700-pound, 5-feet in diameter ball of iron and wood with 100 25-watt bulbs for this shows. Continue reading “Happy New Year! Invention of the New Year’s Eve Ball”

The likeness of Santa Claus has been patented for use on everything from pasta to flashlights. There is even a design patent on just Santa’s foot. Below are some patents in honor of Santa Claus and Christmas.

Santa Pasta
Santa Shaped Pasta
Patent number: D333546
Filing date: Jun 21, 1991
Issue date: Mar 2, 1993
Assignees: Kraft General Foods, Inc.
Continue reading “Santa Claus Patents: Pasta, Pins, Lighters and a Foot”

Question from Steph:
Seasons Greetings, Geek!
I was wondering: does the Hershey’s Kiss design have a patent on it? It’s such an iconic little piece of candy, I thought it probably should. But, I couldn’t find anything about it myself.
I figured you could help!
Thanks
– Steph

Great question, Steph!

Actually, there are no patents on Hershey’s Kisses although they have received three different trademarks over a 76-year period.

First, that unmistakable paper plume waving from the top of each kiss was trademarked in 1924 – three years after a machine for automated wrapping and insertion of the slip of paper was introduced.

Then, in 1976, the foil wrapper for the kiss was trademarked.

Surprisingly, the word “Kiss” itself was not trademarked until 2001 – finally awarding Hershey exclusive rights to calling a chocolate drop a “kiss.” This is because back in 1907, when the chocolate treat was introduced, many companies offered candy kisses. Generic flavored kisses included Cocoanut Kisses, Molasses Kisses and Nut Kisses which could be made by anyone. Commercially produced kisses available at the time included Moonlight Kisses, Elfin Kisses, and Heckerman’s Lucky Kisses – along with Hershey’s variety, of course.

With the name ‘kiss’ as synonymous with practically any bite size candy, Hershey was unable to trademark the term for years because it was viewed as too generic. It was only in 2001 that Hershey’s lawyers won a long court battle based on the fact that by this time any candy called a kiss referred to Hershey’s Kisses. The United States Patent and Trademark office issued Trademark Registration Number 2416701 to the Hershey Company on January 2, 2001.
You can view the trademark here.

evergreen treeArtificial Christmas trees first appeared in America during the late 19th century. German immigrants brought these new types of Christmas decorations with them. These early trees did not resemble live pine trees in the least. Instead, they were made of metal wires covered in feathers of turkeys, ostrich, swan or goose feathers. These feathers were often dyed green.

In the 1930’s, an American toilet bowl brush manufacturer changed the look of artificial trees. The Addis Brush Company created the first artificial brush tree. This tree was actually manufactured using the same equipment as the company’s toilet brushes. The introduction of these trees increased the popularity of the artificial tree. Continue reading “A Toilet Brush Christmas? Invention of the Aluminum Tree”

Question from Frosty Fred.:
Can you tell me who invented those awesome hand warmer packets that you can fit in your gloves or shoes, etc?
Thanks!!

Hello Frosty. What a timely question!

The first United States Patent for such a device was issued to Jonathan T. Ellis on January 6, 1891. He received patent number 444,395 for a hand or foot warmer. There is no evidence though that this device was ever produced.

Credit for the invention of the first commercially-produced chemical hand warmer is given to Japanese inventor Niichi Matoba. Matoba received a patent for applying the principle of an oxidation reaction that produces heat by means of platinum catalysis. He then devoted his time to researching how to make the product suitable for practical use. In 1923, he manufactured a prototype of his device naming it HAKUKIN-kairo (HAKKIN warmer). A version of these original portable hand warmers is still produced in Japan.

dynamiteSwedish chemist, inventor and engineer Alfred Nobel held more than 350 patents and owned several companies which created and sold explosives. Still he is best known as the founder of the Nobel Prizes and that is the way he wanted.

Alfred Nobel began experimenting with nitroglycerine as an explosive in 1863. These experiments were very dangerous and accidents in the lab led to the deaths of several people including Noble’s younger brother. Because of this the Swedish government banned the experiments inside the city limits of Stockholm. This ban did not deter Nobel. He moved his experiments to a barge on Lake Malaren. In 1864, he began mass production of nitroglycerin. Continue reading “The Merchant of Death Has Died: Alfred Nobel’s Dynamite Invention”

Question from Phil D.:
I was replacing a light and my wife asked me who invented the “wire nuts” used to connect wires together. Do you know who invented them and when?

Thank you for the excellent question, Phil.

“Wire-Nut” is actually a registered trademark of Ideal Industries. Ideal Industries patented their plastic connector on January 22, 1963. They received patent 3,075,028 for a connector assembly. Their patent was for a cap connector made of a thermoplasitc. You can view the patent here.

Twist-on wire connectors were produced as early as the 1920’s. These original connectors were made of porcelain and did not contain an inner spring. In the 1930’s, Bakelite connectors began to appear. In the 1940’s inner springs were added. Over the years, many wire combinations have been introduced as well.

Today though, when one refers to a Wire-Nut, they are referring to the something similar to the product introduced by Ideal Industries in the 1960’s

Zenith Space CommandWe can all thank Robert Adler for the ability to be complete couch potatoes while watching TV.  Born December 4, 1913, Robert Adler held 180 patents for electronic devices but he is best known for having invented the first useable wireless television remote control.

The first remote control known as “Lazy Bones” was developed in the 1950’s by Zenith.  This remote used a cable that ran from the TV to the user. An idea for a wireless remote control was devised by fellow Zenith engineer Eugene Polley. This remote control used light beams to control the television. The problem was that when the television was in direct sunlight it would often turn on by itself. Continue reading “Nothing Between You and the TV But Space!”