Question from Mary B.:
When was the safety pin invented? Was it patented?
-Mary

Walter Hunt's Safety Pin Patent, Apr 10, 1949

Walter Hunt's Safety Pin Patent, Apr 10, 1949

Great question, Mary!

Walter Hunt received US patent #6,281 on April 10, 1849 for a Dress-Pin.

Interestingly enough, Hunt only invented the safety pin to pay off a debt. He had be fiddling with some wire trying to think of a new idea when he made the safety pin. The first pin was an eight-inch piece of brass wire, coiled at the center.

He sold the patent rights for four hundred dollars to pay off his debt, then spent the rest of his life watching others profit from his idea.

The safety pin was one of a few useful objects Hunt patented. His other inventions included a flax spinner, a street car bell, a knife sharpener and a sewing machine. Unfortunately, as well as any of them worked, Hunt never turned much of a profit for himself.


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As early as 1791, trademark protection was being requested. A group of Boston sailcloth makers petitioned congress for the ability to register their marks. The problem was given to the Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson. He decided:

That it would, in my opinion, contribute to fidelity in the execution of manufacturing, to secure every manufactory, an exclusive right to some mark on its ware, proper to itself.

That it will, therefore, be reasonable for the general government to provide in this behalf by law for those cases of manufacture generally, and those only which relate to commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with Indian tribes.

Thomas Jefferson
December 9, 1791

Continue reading “Beginning of US Trademark Laws”

Question from Paul T.:
Pretzels are a great snack to eat while watching the big game. Who invented the pretzel?
-Paul

The origin of soft pretzels can be traced to a frustrated teacher in Northern Italy. In 610, a monk was baking unleavened bread for Lent. The monk decided to use some of the left over dough to reward children for learning their prayers. He rolled the extra dough into ropes and then twisted it to look like praying hands. He then baked his treats. The monk named his snack “pretiola”, Latin for “little reward”. The treats were a hit with both his students and their parents. Today, 1400 years later, we are still munching on snacks that are a variety of this original idea.

Charles GoodyearCharles Goodyear despite having no money, no knowledge of chemistry and only the crudest of tools, spent years experimenting with rubber. Prior to starting his experiments with rubber, Goodyear had a hardware business which went bankrupt. That was the beginning of many disastrous business attempts undergone by Goodyear. His first foray into inventing rubber products was not actually for rubber. Instead he invented a valve for inflating rubber life preservers. In 1834, he tried to sell his design to the Roxbury India Rubber Company in New York City. But on his visit there, he discovered that Roxbury India Rubber Company was on the verge of failing. Customers were returning life preservers because they were melting in the heat. The business was so bad and the failure such an embarrassment that a pit had been dug to bury failed products. The valve needed improving but the rubber was worse. Continue reading “Unfortunate Encounters of Goodyear: Improved Rubber Patent”

Question from Josie K.:
When was the first traffic light installed?
-Josie

Hello Josie.

The first traffic light was built in front of the British House of Parliament in 1868. Even though there were not yet cars on the road, the horses and pedestrians caused chaos on the streets of London. The light was proposed by John Peake Knight, a railroad engineer. He modeled the traffic control after the system used by the British railroad. An arm was moved up or down by policeman to signal whether traffic should stop or go. The arms could not be seen at night so the signal was changed to using red and green gas lamps.

The traffic light was an instant success, helping to relieve congestion problems on Bridge Street in London. Knight foresaw more of these lights being built on intersections throughout the city. Instead, the use of the first light was ended after an accident. A leaking gas main caused one of the gas lamps to explode. The police officer operating the device was badly burnt. Traffic lights would not be used again until fifty years later in the United States.

Hoover patentThe first upright vacuum cleaner was invented by a janitor in Canton, Ohio. James Spangler was extremely prone to allergies and he was sure that his cough and asthma attacks were caused by the carpet sweeper he used at work. To alleviate this problem, he created a very basic suction sweeper. His device was just a box fan, a broom handle, a tin soap box and pillow case to collect dust. Despite being primitive and hard to use, the device did actually work. Spangler’s cough and asthma attacks lessened. Spangler continued to refine his “suction sweeper” and eventually applied for a patent. On June 2, 1908, he received US Patent Number 889,823 for a Carpet Sweeper and Cleaner.

Spangler formed the Electric Suction Sweeper Company and began producing his machine. Production time was very slow though. With the help of his son and daughter, he was able to produce just 2-3 suction sweepers a week. One of these suctions sweepers was owned by his cousin, Susan Hoover. She was extremely impressed by the machine and told her husband W. H. “Boss” Hoover about the product. Continue reading “Box Fan, Soap Box, Pillow Case = Invention of the Vacuum Cleaner?”

Question from Corra L:
I am always seeing those yellow smiley face images and I was wondering who designed the graphic? Was it ever trademarked?
– Corra

Hello Corra. Those smiley face images are on everything from t-shirts to ads.

Smiley FaceThe yellow circle with eyes and a smile that can be seen almost everywhere was designed by a freelance artist for State Mutual Life Assurance in 1963. The company had merged with another insurance company and employee morale was low. In order to improve feelings among the employees, Harvey Ball was asked to create a smiley face to be used on company buttons, letterheads and posters.

Ball designed the smiley face in ten minutes and received forty-five dollars for his work. He never tried to sell, trademark or profit from his logo. The graphic fell into the public domain.

Then in 1970, the graphic was made popular by two brothers, Murray and Bernard Spain. Bernard drew the smiley face and Murray added the phrase “Have a happy day.” The brothers trademarked their new graphic and began producing products from T-shirts to cookie jars with the smiley. The smiley face and these products quickly became a fad. By 1972, more than 50 million smiley face buttons had been produced.

Murray and Bernard Spain greatly profited from this trend. The original designer of the smiley did not. He never received any monetary rewards from the design beyond the original forty-five dollar paycheck.

Tupperware AdEarl S. Tupper envisioned himself a modern day Leonardo da Vinci. He was always dreaming up new inventions. He filled notebooks with his ideas which included an improved garter for stockings, permanent-press trousers, and a boat powered by fish. He even received several patents for shoe heals and a comb case. None of his ideas led to the success Tupper was hoping for until he began working with plastics.

The Great Depression led to the bankruptcy of Tupper’s tree doctoring business. In order to make a living, he began working at a DuPont-owned plastics plant in Leominster, Massachusetts, Eventually his entrepreneur spirit led him to go back into business for himself. Tupper purchased some plastic molding machines and started Tupper plastics. At first, his new company produced cigarette cases and beads. Continue reading “Beads to Plastic Bowls – Invention of the Burping Seal”

Question from Andrew T:
How long has the snow blower been around for? Was it an accident like the snow machine?
Thanks Geek!!
– Andrew

Hello Andrew. I have been extremely thankful lately for the invention of the snow blower.

The invention was not an accident at all. It was invented by a Canadian man, Arthur Sicard, who was frustrated by the difficulty of delivering his milk from the farm to the market in the snow. The idea behind the snow blower came from a treshing machine. He utilized the same rotating blades on the tresher to blow the snow.

In 1925, Sicard was able to built a working, road clearing, snow blower. The Sicard Snow Remover Snowblower had three different sections, a four-wheel drive truck chassis and truck motor, the snow scooping section, and the snow blower with two adjustable chutes and separate motor. This machine could clear and throw snow over 90 feet from the truck or it could be put into the back of the truck. Sicard founded Sicard Industries to produce his machine. By 1927, the snow remover was being used to remove snow in areas around Montreal.

On Feb 26, 1929, Sicard was granted US Patent 1,703,786 for a snow-removing machine. You can view the patent here.

Have you ever wondered about the invention of your favorite toys? Every toy, every product, started as an idea somewhere. But whose idea was that Koosh Ball? Who designed that Rubik’s Cube that still has many of us stumped and frustrated?

The Koosh Ball

Koosh Ball PatentThe Koosh Ball was developed in 1986 by Scott Stillinger. He was attempting to design a ball that would be easier for his 5-year old daughter and 8-year old son to hold and throw. The original prototype was made from rubber bands. Stillinger received US Patent 4,756,529 on July 12, 1988 for a generally spherical object with floppy filaments to promote sure capture.

In order to market the product, Stillinger created OddzOn Products Inc with his brother-in-law who had been a marketing manager at Mattel. The product was one of the hottest toys to receive for Christmas in 1988. It is has been estimated that millions of the toy have been sold. Continue reading “Childhood Distractions: Invention of the Koosh Ball, Logs and Rubiks Cube”